In Sagayam @ Devasagayam vs State rep. by The Inspector of Police, Chennai, in a significant judgment on bail jurisprudence, the Madras High Court has recently held that demanding production of property documents or RC book or any other document to show proof of property, either movable or immovable, with respect to the bail bond or surety bond amount, is against Article 21 of Constitution of India.
Justice P Devadass also held that the person, who is offering surety, must have acceptable residential proof.
“He may be a tenant, licensee. A beggar can also stand as surety, provided he should have some acceptable residential proof. A surety should have a genuine address. He may be asked to produce residential proof. He should not be a vagabond. He should establish his identity. A poor man can be a voter. Likewise, a poor man can be a surety. A surety can be a person without having own house. He can be a tenant.
Even a person living in a platform, living in a slum having an acceptable address proof can also stand as a surety,” the court said.
Justice Devadass clarified that a court cannot demand production of property documents from the accused or the surety. Nowhere in Section 436 or 437 or 439 or 438 CrPC or in Form No.45 appended to Schedule II to the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, production of property document, title deeds, etc either by surety or by the accused, has been contemplated.
“The courts demanding production of V.A.O. certificate, Residence certificate, Solvency Certificate or Tahsildar Certificate are not mentioned in the Code of Criminal Procedure. These are all creations and inventions of certain Courts. It is clear that these are all not out of any judicial thinking. It is out of an useless thinking curbing the liberty of the individual,” it said.
Public Servants
Some courts insist that the surety should be a government servant or a public servant or a person permanently employed in a reputed concern. This is not at all mentioned in the Code of Criminal Procedure. These are all inventions not by the code, but by some courts. It cannot be said all government servants, public servants are Buddhas.
There are many government servants who are cheats. In many cases under Section 420 IPC, many government servants figure as accused. “There are many private individuals having sterling qualities. Mahatma Gandhi is not a Government servant. But he is Father of our Nation. Yet, as per the present practice being adopted by certain criminal Courts, even Mahatma Gandhi cannot be accepted as a surety. Simply because a person is poor, who has no property, no money, no job, it cannot be said that he is disqualified to stand as a surety,” it said.
Local Surety
“Chapter 33 of the CrPC does not say that the surety should be a member of the family or a blood relative. Court cannot insist that the sureties should be local surety.
Suppose if the accused belongs to a different district, different State or even a foreigner or the accused is a business man or working here such as Nepalies, Biharies, etc. who will not have local sureties, their relatives are also in Bihar etc., it will be difficult for them to secure local sureties,” it said.
The high court also held that anyone of the following documents can be accepted by the courts for address verification:
1. Passport
2. Ration card
3. PAN card
4. 4 .Driving licence
5. Voter’s ID
6. Aadhaar card
7. Photo ID issued by a recognised educational institution
8. Photo credit card
9. Kissan photo passbook
10. Pensioner’s photo card
11. Freedom fighter photo card
12. Identity Certificate with photo issued by a Gazetted officer or Tahsildar
13. Address card with photo issued by the Postal Department
14. Disability ID card or handicapped medical certificate issued by the government
15. NREGS Job Card
16. CGHS/ECHS/State Government/ESIC Medical Card
17. Marriage certificate issued by the government
18. Post Office statement or passbook.
19. Water Bill
20. Electricity Bill
21. Property Tax Receipt
22. Landline telephone bill
23. Credit card statement
24. Income-tax assessment order
25. Arms licence
26. Certificate of Address issued by the head, village panchayat or an equivalent
authority
27. Registered lease/sale/rent agreement.
28. Caste and Domicile Certificate that has photo issued by the state government
29. Gas connection bill
30. Insurance policy
Justice P Devadass also held that the person, who is offering surety, must have acceptable residential proof.
“He may be a tenant, licensee. A beggar can also stand as surety, provided he should have some acceptable residential proof. A surety should have a genuine address. He may be asked to produce residential proof. He should not be a vagabond. He should establish his identity. A poor man can be a voter. Likewise, a poor man can be a surety. A surety can be a person without having own house. He can be a tenant.
Even a person living in a platform, living in a slum having an acceptable address proof can also stand as a surety,” the court said.
Justice Devadass clarified that a court cannot demand production of property documents from the accused or the surety. Nowhere in Section 436 or 437 or 439 or 438 CrPC or in Form No.45 appended to Schedule II to the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, production of property document, title deeds, etc either by surety or by the accused, has been contemplated.
“The courts demanding production of V.A.O. certificate, Residence certificate, Solvency Certificate or Tahsildar Certificate are not mentioned in the Code of Criminal Procedure. These are all creations and inventions of certain Courts. It is clear that these are all not out of any judicial thinking. It is out of an useless thinking curbing the liberty of the individual,” it said.
Public Servants
Some courts insist that the surety should be a government servant or a public servant or a person permanently employed in a reputed concern. This is not at all mentioned in the Code of Criminal Procedure. These are all inventions not by the code, but by some courts. It cannot be said all government servants, public servants are Buddhas.
There are many government servants who are cheats. In many cases under Section 420 IPC, many government servants figure as accused. “There are many private individuals having sterling qualities. Mahatma Gandhi is not a Government servant. But he is Father of our Nation. Yet, as per the present practice being adopted by certain criminal Courts, even Mahatma Gandhi cannot be accepted as a surety. Simply because a person is poor, who has no property, no money, no job, it cannot be said that he is disqualified to stand as a surety,” it said.
Local Surety
“Chapter 33 of the CrPC does not say that the surety should be a member of the family or a blood relative. Court cannot insist that the sureties should be local surety.
Suppose if the accused belongs to a different district, different State or even a foreigner or the accused is a business man or working here such as Nepalies, Biharies, etc. who will not have local sureties, their relatives are also in Bihar etc., it will be difficult for them to secure local sureties,” it said.
The high court also held that anyone of the following documents can be accepted by the courts for address verification:
1. Passport
2. Ration card
3. PAN card
4. 4 .Driving licence
5. Voter’s ID
6. Aadhaar card
7. Photo ID issued by a recognised educational institution
8. Photo credit card
9. Kissan photo passbook
10. Pensioner’s photo card
11. Freedom fighter photo card
12. Identity Certificate with photo issued by a Gazetted officer or Tahsildar
13. Address card with photo issued by the Postal Department
14. Disability ID card or handicapped medical certificate issued by the government
15. NREGS Job Card
16. CGHS/ECHS/State Government/ESIC Medical Card
17. Marriage certificate issued by the government
18. Post Office statement or passbook.
19. Water Bill
20. Electricity Bill
21. Property Tax Receipt
22. Landline telephone bill
23. Credit card statement
24. Income-tax assessment order
25. Arms licence
26. Certificate of Address issued by the head, village panchayat or an equivalent
authority
27. Registered lease/sale/rent agreement.
28. Caste and Domicile Certificate that has photo issued by the state government
29. Gas connection bill
30. Insurance policy
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